Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are drugs that can be purchased without a prescription. They are available in pharmacies, grocery stores, and convenience stores across the country. Common OTC drugs treat symptoms like pain, coughs, colds, allergies, and heartburn. While OTC drugs are safe and effective when used as directed, there are risks associated with misuse and abuse. A 2021 study published in JAMA Network found that around 10,000 emergency room visits each year are attributed to adverse events from OTC medications.
With thousands accessing OTC medications daily, consumers must be informed about safe usage. Let’s explore how individuals can take control of their health by verifying the safety of the OTC medications they use.
The Issue of Drug Lawsuits
When an OTC or prescription drug causes unexpected harm to consumers, it often leads to major lawsuits against pharmaceutical companies. Payouts have totaled billions in recent decades. High-profile cases include Merck’s $4.85 billion Vioxx settlement in 2007 over increased cardiac risks and GlaxoSmithKline’s $3 billion payout in 2012 for unlawfully marketing several drugs. These lawsuits shape public perception of drug risks and influence stricter regulations.
If you or a loved one has suffered from taking a dangerous drug that was later recalled or the subject of litigation, you may be able to file a product liability or other type of drug lawsuit to be compensated.
While lawsuits deliver justice for victims, they also drive up healthcare costs for consumers and may remove beneficial drugs from the market. When selecting an OTC medication, it’s wise to research any related lawsuits so you can make an informed choice. However, a lawsuit alone doesn’t guarantee a drug is unsafe when used properly. Discuss your concerns with a pharmacist to gain insights. Remaining vigilant about emerging drug lawsuits can empower consumers to protect themselves.
Evaluating The Label
The Drug Facts label on all OTC medications offers valuable information consumers should understand. First, check the active ingredients section to determine if the drug contains anything you may be allergic or sensitive to. Next, note the “Uses” section, which indicates the symptoms or conditions the drug intends to treat. The “Warnings” section outlines safety information, such as risks for certain populations like children or pregnant women.
The “Directions” provide instructions for proper dosage and duration of use. Misuse often occurs when consumers take more than the recommended amount. The “Other Information” section may include guidance on safe storage and drug interactions. Finally, check the “Inactive ingredients” list for anything potentially harmful like dyes, preservatives, or gluten. Reading the entire label helps avoid adverse reactions.
Checking The Ingredients
In addition to checking active and inactive ingredients on the label, consumers should research any unfamiliar components in their OTC medications. Certain herbs like ephedra and kava kava found in some supplements have been linked to organ damage and liver toxicity. Drug databases like Drugs.com and WebMD offer information on medication ingredients.
When an OTC drug contains many ingredients, it’s wise to consult a pharmacist to verify safety, especially if you take other medications or have health conditions. Show the pharmacist your medication and list of current prescriptions to check for problematic interactions. Stay vigilant about new research identifying previously unknown risks of ingredients in OTC drugs.
Understanding Potential Side Effects
Like prescription drugs, OTC medications carry risks of side effects. Consumers should note the “Warnings” section on the Drug Facts label and the patient information insert for details on potential adverse reactions. Mild side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, or headache are common with certain OTC drugs. More serious effects like liver damage, bleeding, or heart problems are rarer but can be life-threatening.
Compare the side effect risks of different medications treating the same condition to choose the safest option for your needs. Report any unexpected or severe side effects to your pharmacist or doctor immediately. Maintaining a daily log of OTC drugs taken and symptoms experienced can help identify problematic medications if reactions occur. Remaining informed helps minimize harm.
Recognizing Safe Dosages
Taking more than the recommended dosage of OTC drugs increases the risk of side effects. Dangers like liver damage, internal bleeding, or overdose may occur. Carefully follow the dosage directions on the label based on your age, weight, and gender. Never exceed the maximum daily amount without medical guidance.
If symptoms persist after the recommended period, see a doctor rather than increase your dose. Measure liquid medications carefully using the dosing device provided. Pill splitters can help divide doses. Mark the date opened on bottles to avoid exceeding shelf life. Proper dosing optimizes benefits and minimizes risks. Consult a pharmacist if you have any questions.
Consider Your Current Medications
OTC drugs can interact with prescription or herbal medications, supplements, and even certain foods. These interactions may decrease desired effects, increase side effects, or cause unexpected reactions. For example, combining cough syrup containing dextromethorphan with an antidepressant, like fluoxetine, can cause serotonin syndrome.
Maintain an updated list of all medications and supplements you take to share with your pharmacist. Use online drug interaction checkers to identify potentially hazardous combinations. A pharmacist can recommend alternative OTC preparations that are safer for your medication regimen or provide advice to minimize risks. Stay vigilant about interactions.
Be Aware of Drug Recalls
When serious problems are discovered with an OTC or prescription drug already on the market, manufacturers may voluntarily recall the medication or the FDA may request a recall. Recalls remove potentially dangerous products from pharmacy shelves and alert consumers. Visit the FDA website to search for recalls issued in the past 15 months. Sign up for email alerts about new recalls.
If you learn a drug you use was recalled, immediately stop taking it and return any remaining pills to your pharmacy. Report any adverse effects to your doctor and the FDA. A recall doesn’t always mean a drug was harmful to all users, but appropriate precautions are advised. Being aware of recalls empowers you to protect your health.
Look for FDA Approval
The FDA rigorously reviews medications for safety and efficacy before granting approval for nonprescription status. Their evaluation involves risk-benefit analysis, labeling requirements, and directions for safe use. While no drug is complete without risk, FDA approval provides reasonable assurance an OTC drug is safe when consumers follow usage guidelines.
However, some supplements and herbal remedies sold in pharmacies and health food stores are not required to undergo FDA review. Claims of safety and efficacy are not verified. Checking for an FDA Drug Facts label can confirm government approval. Seek medical guidance before using unregulated herbal products and monitor for adverse effects.
Conclusion
OTC medications provide convenient relief for minor ailments when used carefully. However, misuse and abuse can lead to avoidable harm. Consumers must take an active role in verifying the safety of the drugs they choose to use. Checking labels, researching ingredients, avoiding interactions, proper dosing, and consulting experts helps minimize risk. Remaining vigilant requires effort but is crucial for protecting health. Leverage all available resources to become an informed, empowered consumer of OTC medications.